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According to the TRAFFIC report, over 1.5 tonnes of worked ivory products, representing the tusks of at least 300 African elephants, were observed in Angola. Photograph © Dean Polley

Gland, Switzerland/Cambridge, UK– Four years on from the end of the Angolan Civil War, the bloody plight of the country’s elephants is worsening with a doubling in the illegal ivory trade over the last 12 to 18 months, according to TRAFFIC and WWF.

The TRAFFIC report — No Peace for Elephants: Unregulated Domestic Ivory Markets — looked at the curio markets in Angola’s capital Luanda for the first time and shows that the volume of elephant ivory available in local markets is escalating.

Over 1.5 tonnes of worked ivory products, representing the tusks of at least 300 African elephants, were observed during the June 2005 survey.

“Illegal ivory markets expand when business is booming and government authorities look the other way,” said Tom Milliken, Director of TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa and one of the report authors. “The war continues for elephants as all of the ivory traded through these local markets is coming from illicit sources.”

Of the 37 countries that still harbour wild populations of African elephants, Angola is the only one that remains a non-Party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In fact, Angola is the only nation in sub-Saharan Africa to remain outside of the convention, the world’s foremost mechanism for regulating trade in endangered and threatened wildlife species.

“We’re very concerned because unregulated domestic ivory markets in Africa are the drivers behind the illegal killing of some 12,000 elephants annually,” said Milliken. “The Angolan connection is a new, growing and worrying dimension in the illegal ivory trade as it currently exists beyond the reach of CITES.”

To support elephant conservation, the 169 Parties to CITES adopted an action plan to shut down Africa’s unregulated ivory markets at the 13th meeting of the Conference of the Parties in October 2004.

“Angola is clearly out of step with the rest of Africa, failing to join CITES and failing to support the continent-wide action plan to shut down the very markets that drive elephant poaching today,” said PJ Stephenson, Head of WWF International’s Africa Elephant Programme.

The TRAFFIC study found that nearly three-quarters of the ivory vendors in Luanda were French-speaking Congolese from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and many of the ivory products appeared to originate from Congo Basin countries. Most ivory curios were being purchased by American, European and Chinese buyers, presumably for illegal export to their native countries. These facts underscore the cross-border, regional and global dynamics of the ivory trade.

End Notes:

• Within southern Africa, Angola and Mozambique have the largest illicit trades in elephant ivory, according to TRAFFIC. Nearly 20 per cent of the 3,254 products observed in Mozambique last year were in the duty-free departure lounge area of the capital’s international airport in clear defiance of CITES regulations. But in the wake of the TRAFFIC assessment, Mozambique authorities have taken measures to curb this trade and recent reports indicate the Maputo airport is now free of ivory.

• TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network, works to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature. TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF, the global conservation organization and IUCN – The World Conservation Union.

• The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) regulates international trade in more than 30,000 species of wild animals and plants. The convention is currently applied in 169 nations, including all the African elephant range States except Angola.

• Angola’s wild elephant population has not been surveyed for decades and due to the lack of recent information, IUCN’s African Elephant Database (AED) indicates that only 250 elephants are found in the country. This figure certainly represents an under-estimation, but accurate census work in former, heavily-mined, conflict zones is costly and fraught with many difficulties. On the other hand the data for Mozambique is much better and, according to the AED data, the elephant population could comprise as many as 24,400 animals, if ‘possible’ and ‘speculative’ numbers are considered.

For further information:
Sabri Zain, Advocacy and Campaigns Director, TRAFFIC
+44 1223-277427 • sabri.zain@trafficint.org

Joanna Benn, Communications Manager, WWF Global Species Programme
+39 06 84 497 212 • jbenn@wwfspecies.org

Brian Thomson, Press Officer, WWF International
+41 22 364 9562 • bthomson@wwfint.org